Check the details against a source you already trust. Call the sender on a number you already have, compare bank details with past invoices, and read every name, number and date. Changed payment instructions, mismatched fonts or spacing, and file details that do not fit the claimed author or date are the signs to act on.
A sudden change of bank account is a common sign of business email fraud. The FBI counted $50.87 billion in reported exposed losses from these scams worldwide between October 2013 and December 2022, and advises confirming any change to account details through a second channel (FBI, June 2023). Call a number you already have on file, never the one printed in the new invoice.
In most PDF readers, open File, then Properties. You can see the author, the program that made the file, and when it was created and last changed. A contract signed in March that was modified last night deserves a question.
A document can carry text you cannot see, such as white writing on a white page or invisible characters, placed there to steer whatever machine reads it. Press Ctrl+A (Cmd+A on a Mac) to select everything and see if words appear in blank space.
Keep the version you agreed to. If a new copy arrives, compare it page by page with yours before you sign or pay.
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By David Venafro, founder · Updated October 12, 2026